2024-03-04
Afternoon of March 4th， Located in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang， After 279 days of hard work， The first scientific exploration well with a design depth of more than 10,000 meters in our country—— Deep Taco 1 well in Tarim Oilfield of China Petroleum Corporation Drilling depth exceeded 10,000 meters， It is currently continuing to advance towards the target depth of 11,100 meters. This is so far， The first well in our country with a vertical depth of more than 10,000 meters， Not only did it once again set the record for the deepest well in Asia， It also created the drilling of 10,000-meter-deep
wells in the world today. Record of the shortest time.
Deep Taco 1 well design well depth 11,100 meters，
The main task of this well
Is to conduct scientific exploration of the deep part of the earth
And ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.
After entering a depth of 8000 meters，
The formation is extremely hard，
Inoue replaced 15 drill bits one after another
It was difficult to get into 10,000 meters.
Deep Taco 1 well from top to bottom
To drill through 13 formations in the Tarim Basin，
The 12th formation has been drilled so far，
The drill bit is drilling into rocks 500 million years ago.
In order to make this 10,000-meter-deep well，
The project adopts the self-developed by our country
The world's first 12,000-meter deep well automated drilling rig，
Innovatively developed an ultra-high temperature drilling fluid of 220 degrees Celsius、
Process technology such as high temperature resistant screw，
At the same time, 10,000 meters of coring equipment is stocked、
A number of key core equipment such as UHV fracturing vehicles.
Break through the triple barrier of 10,000 meters.
With 279 days and nights, 29 drill bits, more than 1,060 drill pipes, and 12 sets of formations, the oilman climbed uphill and successfully opened up a passage that ran 10,000 meters above ground and underground.During the drilling process, key quality indicators such as well slope, well diameter, and cementing were all 100% qualified. At the same time, it set a number of records such as the deepest and largest tonnage of large-size casing in China, and the deepest logging by domestic instruments for large-size boreholes.Sun Jinsheng, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, commented on this: “This is a landmark in the history of drilling engineering in our country.”
Behind the remarkable results lie a number of world-class problems.
“The biggest challenge is to break through the unknown.“Wang Chunsheng, the chief expert of the Tarim Oilfield and the chief of the deep Taco 1 well, introduced, "After 9,000 meters, there are no technical parameters and indicators to learn from. Every 1 meter down, it is like chiseling a way in a ‘no man's land’."”
Complex stratigraphic lithological changes are the first hurdle.After 9,000 meters, intermittently developed flint formations and gypsum formations alternate, and each change in the lithology of the formation represents the need to replace the drill bits that are suitable for it and adjust the various ratios of drilling fluids.According to statistics, since only 4 drilling started, 16 drill bits have been used in the well.
High temperature and high pressure are the second hurdle to breaking through 10,000 meters.After drilling 9,300 meters, the bottom temperature of the well has exceeded 180 degrees Celsius, and reached 190 degrees Celsius under 10,000 meters, exceeding the temperature and pressure limit of most drilling tools and well-in materials.The underground sensor may fail as a result. Once it fails, it is like a person instantly loses his vision while walking, causing a series of risks.
Overweight and long drilling tools bring the third hurdle.Traveling to 10,000 meters, the length and load of underground drilling tools are unprecedented.The wall of the well under 10,000 meters is like an ant's nest.Ultra-high-tonnage, ultra-high-torque drilling tools operate at high loads in a small space. The drilling tools turn 10 times on the surface, and the underground drill bits may not be able to turn 1 time. 9 of them are consumed by the creep of the drilling tools.Severe underground vibration increases the risk of drilling tool fracture.
There are three obstacles, each of which is an insurmountable peak, but the deep-earth petroleum people are not afraid of difficulties, using the spirit of hard work and the style of “three elders and four strictures” to overcome difficulties, painstakingly research and research, and launch a sprint to the peak.
The "Deep Earth Legion” on the "Sea of Death”
The “Deep Earth Legion” located on the “Sea of Death” is a great one.
They have a first-line laboratory.At the Taco well site, many laboratories have moved forward, allowing cutting-edge experimental equipment such as integrated rock sample nuclear magnetic analysis system, gas chromatograph, and continuous light hydrocarbon logging instrument to be “stationed” in the well site, so as to provide the first scientific explanation for the drilling of the deep Taco 1 well. Data.
They have intelligent "brains”.Under the rig, a 15-person maintenance team is on standby 24 hours a day to protect the safe and smooth operation of the rig and various equipment.3,000 kilometers away, 346 downhole data were transmitted to Beijing in real time with the help of CNOOC's EISC platform. Experts gathered “on the cloud” at critical moments, and video consultations, plan formulation, and instruction monitoring and execution were completed in up to half an hour, providing remote intellectual support for safe and rapid drilling.
They have state-of-the-art equipment technology.As early as before the drilling of the deep Taco 1 well, PetroChina developed the world's first 12,000-meter deep well automated drilling rig, a series of deep drilling tools such as high temperature and 175 MPa high pressure tools and instruments resistant to temperatures above 200 degrees Celsius, and well shaft working fluid, which provide a strong engineering and technical guarantee for breaking through unprecedented depth limits.
In order to meet the unprecedented stratigraphic challenges, deep-earth petroleum people combined industry and research, and jointly developed more than 200 domestic top-notch equipment and technologies such as crane trucks with a load-bearing capacity of 1,000 tons, drill pipes with a tensile strength of 942 tons, and high-strength sealing and coring tools, which have effectively promoted the iterative upgrading of the drilling and production equipment industry chain.
The hard-core support from the entire industrial chain of PetroChina's oil and gas exploration and development has made the 10,000-meter journey of the deep Taco 1 well no longer lonely, and emboldened the ensuing series of scientific explorations.
The Tarim Basin, where the deep Taco 1 well is located, is the only oil- and gas-containing basin in the world dominated by ultra-deep resources.Since last year, 90% of the new reserves in the Tarim oilfield have been obtained from ultra-deep formations.
Yang Xianzhang, chief geologist of Tarim Oilfield Exploration and Development Research Institute, said: “The source of oil and gas in the Tarim Basin is very deep, and no well has been drilled to the source of oil and gas.One of the important purposes of our 10,000-meter-deep well is to find the "Longtou" of "Youlong", which may be potentially 10,000 meters underground or deeper.”
Under 10,000 meters, there are also many outstanding geological puzzles that have plagued our scientists for many years.
Drilling through 10,000 meters, insight into 10,000 meters, and coring 10,000 meters, “This is a trilogy of deep-earth exploration”, commented Li Ning, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Breaking through 10,000 meters is a new beginning. PetroChina will carry out a series of scientific exploration work such as 10,000-meter physical logging and 10,000-meter coring for the first time in the world.
Entering the 10,000-meter formation this time is like traveling through 500 million years and encountering the vicissitudes of life. Rock debris from the ancient formation can show geological information of the deep evolution of 10,000 meters and clues of oil and gas generation and migration under a microscope, which provides geologists with a deeper understanding of the sedimentary evolution characteristics of the Tarim Basin, and provides first-hand information for scientific exploration and oil and gas exploration, so as to further carry out deep-earth exploration, innovate deep-earth scientific theories, develop deep-earth exploration technologies, and explain the deep mysteries of the earth.
Source | CCTV News China Petroleum
